Yeast Hydrolysate Powered Fat Loss 7 Reduction in Total Body Fat and 14 Reduction in Abdominal Fat W out Diet

Will the fat-burning magic of 1g/day of yeast hydrolysate dissolve the fat thats still covering the last 2 packs?

It sounds like a marketing scam and I must warn you, one of the authors of a soon-to-be-published paper on the basis of which I came up with this headline is actually with a company that specializes in food additives.

This obviously warrants a heightened degree of suspicion, but it does not mean that the study results could or even must be doctored. I would thus suggest, we take a look at what the Korean scientists from Jeonju University, the University of Seoul, the Korea University and the Neo Cremar Company Ltd. actually did and found before we jump to any premature conclusions about the validity or non-validity of the data.

What exactly is yeast hydrolysate?

I guess, the first thing we have to address is what exactly it was Jung et al. administered to their 24 male and 30 female participants  with body mass indices (BMI) of at least 25 kg/m² (the obesity cut off in the Asia-Pacific region is 25 kg/m²). To this end, its best to look at how this "supplement" was produced (if you want the short version fast forward to the first red box ;-)

1. 

   Youve read about the anti-Crohns effects of saccharomyces cerv. (bakers yeast) in the SuppVersity Facebook News, recently
   
   

   Saccharomyces cerevisiae (IFO 2346) is incubated in a growth medium containing 2% molasses, 0.6% (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% MgSO4$7H2O, 0.2% KH2PO4, 0.03% K2HPO4,  for 3 days at 30°C.
2. After incubation, the culture is centrifuged at 10,000g for 20 minutes.
3. Immediately after the cells are removed from the centrifuge, they are suspended in 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and hydrolyzed with 1000 units of bromelain at 30 C for 4 h.

The result of this third step actually is already a, but not yet the hydrolysate. To achieve the "good stuff", it is then centrifuged at 10,000g for 20 min. The small molecules which are then removed from the supernatant are then passed through a 10 kDa molecular-weight cutoff membrane and eventually lyophilized - et voilà!

"Hold on! So what do I need?" Before you hit the "too complicated button" at the bottom of this page, let me briefly point out that you dont need to understand or memorize the production process. The thing you have to look for, when you are shopping for corresponding products is a yeast hydrolysate with a maximal molecular weight (thats ~ the size of the indiv. peptides) of <10kDa that was produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the study at hand, the of this 3+1 step process was packed into 500 mg pouches before it was handed over to the subjects in the active arm of the study (the placebo contained dextrin).  

Figure 1: Inter-group baseline differences for weight + body composition for men and women (Young. 2014
)

Both the placebo and yeast supplements had to be taken twice a day 30 min before breakfast and dinner. So far that all sounds like standard procedure. If you take a look at the outcome of the randomization process, you will yet see that there are non-negligible inter-group differences in body composition (see Figure 1): In conjunction with the high fat mass, the low body weight and lean mass of the ladies in the control group, could have significant effects on the change in body weight. Unfortunately, the scientists did not test the significance of this difference, but a 39% gap in lean body mass that comes hand in hand with a 13% higher fat mass can be expected to have a very relevant effect on the outcome of any dietary intervention.

Speaking of dietary interventions! there was no dietary intervention.

I know, it sounds hilarious, but there was no dietary intervention. All the participants had to do was to consume the 1g of yeast hydrolysate or the 1g of dextrin in 2x500mg servings 30 min before breakfast and dinner. Thats at least what they were advised to do.

Figure 2: Changes in energy intake (% baseline) and body composition (Young. 2014)

The data in Figure 2 does yet tell you that what they actually did (voluntarily, though) was "dieting". This is particularly true for the female study participants, who reached caloric deficits of 26% by week 6-8 and 28% by week 8-10. Against that background its not that surprising that the statistical significant changes in body comp were only observed in the female study participants. 

There are no effects on resting metabolic rate! The notion that the reduced energy intake is the main, if not the only driving force of the fat loss Jung et al. observed in the study at hand is supported by observations the researchers made in a previous study from 2011 (Jung. 2011a). In the said study, the 20 obese females (body fat >28%) in the yeast group did experience a non-significantly improved fat loss compared to the control group. They did yet also suffer from a "higher" reduction in resting metabolic race (-9.69kcal/day vs. -4.35kcal/day) - similarly non-significant as the weight loss difference, obviously.

This does not mean that the yeast extract doesnt work - quite the contrary, for the average individual who is neither willing nor able to adhere to a caloric deficit without the help of tools like this, it could actually come very handy. For the average physical culturist, it would yet obviously be more interesting if yeast hydrolysates had spot reducing qualities (learn more about spot reduction). And if we take another look at the full text of the study, we could actually argue that this is basically what the authors suggest, when they refer to the results of previous studies and state:

"Yeast hydrolysate increases the reduction of body fat in obese individuals compared with placebo, which supports the hypothesized abdominal fat-lowering effects of yeast hydrolysate" (Young. 2014)

If you look at the study at hand, the question we would have to answer should thus read: Are the abdominal and total fat mass disproportionate. Or to say it differently: Did the subjects lose signifcantly more abdominal than total fat? And in view of the previously discussed problem: Did this vary between male and female participants? Unfortunately, the scientists didnt do us (or rather me) the favor of doing this for us, already. Therefore I had to do the calculations and plotting for Figure 3 myself:

Figure 3: Relative change in body fat mass and abdominal fat thickness (Jung. 2014)

As the text in the box in Figure 3 already tells you, the existing discrepancy between the reduction in total body fat and abdominal fat thickness does not necessarily "prove" the spot reducing prowess of yeast hydrolysate. We do after all know that in the chubbier folks the unhealthy fat in / on the midsection is usually the first to go.

Is the fat loss really localized? 

Furthermore, a previous study by the same researchers clearly refutes the abdominal specific fat loss effects. The corresponding paper was published in 2011 in the Journal of Food and Biochemistry (Jung. 2011a; same paper I referenced in the box above), and despite the fact that the researchers observed a trend for an increase in weight loss within only 4 weeks on the same <10kDa yeast hydrolysate, the fat loss results of the obese women who participated in the study were at best triceps (-2.15 vs. -1.05mm reduction in skinfold thickness in yeast vs. control) and not belly specific (-1.70 vs. -1.08mm reduction in skinfold thickness in yeast vs. control).

Unfortunately, I cannot tell you whether the same can be said of the 2009 paper by Suh et al., because the online archive of the Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, where it was published starts in March 2011. In view of the fact that it was not "ab-specific" in obese women, I really doubt that it will have has particularly pronounced effects on the waistline of female college students - a subject group of whom you would expect that they are at least somewhat closer to the fitness and leanness level of the average SuppVersity reader.

If you are looking for alternative, yet not necessarily more effective purported spot-reduction supp- lements / techniques, you may want to (re?)read the recent SuppVersity article about green tea, green clay & magnesium sulfate soaked "plaster body wraps" | read more

Is yeast hydrolysate an effective tool in your weight loss arsenal? A definitive answer to this question is yet still lacking. Personally, I would spend my money otherwise, because I have never had a problem with cutting back calories, when I decided that this is necessary to lose weight. If, on the other hand, you belong to those people who are constantly hungry, it may be worth trialling a once month supply of yeast hydrolysate caps (or sachets).

The only thing you should be prepared for is that it is not going to work if you dont diet. In all of the human studies Ive seen so far, the weight loss went hand in hand with a reduction in calorie intake; and despite the fact that there is good evidence that the His-Pro (=Cyclo) peptides in yeast hydrolysates have additional value as potent antioxidants (Jung. 2011b), their subsequent effect on glucose metabolism will depend on a baseline increase in inflammation. In other words: The bigger your belly, gluttony and baseline inflammation, the greater the benefits.

References:

• Jung, E. Y., Kim, S. Y., Bae, S. H., Chang, U. J., Choi, J. W., & Suh, H. J. (2011a). Weight reduction effects of yeast hydrolysate below 10 kDa on obese young women. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 35(2), 337-350.
• Jung, E. Y., Lee, H. S., Choi, J. W., Ra, K. S., Kim, M. R., & Suh, H. J. (2011b). Glucose Tolerance and Antioxidant Activity of Spent Brewers Yeast Hydrolysate with a High Content of Cyclo‐His‐Pro (CHP). Journal of food science, 76(2), C272-C278.
• Jung, E. Y., Hong, Y. H., Kim, J. H., Park, Y., Bae, S. H., Chang, U. J., & Suh, H. J. (2012). Effects of Yeast Hydrolysate on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice: Yeast Hydrolysate Suppresses Body Fat Accumulation by Attenuating Fatty Acid Synthesis. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 61(2), 89-94.  
• Jung, E. Y., Cho, M. K., Hong, Y. H., Kim, J. H., Park, Y., Chang, U. J., & Suh, H. J. (2014). Yeast hydrolysate can reduce body weight and abdominal fat accumulation in obese adults. Nutrition, 30(1), 25-32.
• Suh, H. J. (2009). The weight reduction effect of yeast hydrolysate-SR101 on female college students. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 14(2), 123-128.

How To Get Rid Of Body Odor With Natural Ways

Many ways people do to get rid of body odor. Start by using talcum powder, deodorant or alum. Body odor is often a problem that makes confidence down. Cause of body odor is variety. Some are caused by the bodys hormonal factors, there are also caused by circumstances (such as food or weather).

Generally, body odor caused by perspiration. Sweat mixed with bacteria that can make the unpleasant scent. Parts of the body most often cause odor, is the area of foot and underarms. Body odor can be caused by food. Foods that contain a lot of fats, oils and pungent foods like garlic can lead to odor. This is caused by the release of aroma occurs in the pores of the skin and mixes with sweat. As a result, there was the unpleasant aroma.

Tips To Get Rid Of Body Odor Naturally

Spraying deodorant is a way to get rid of body odor, but often a complaint, because the use of these products such as itching, allergies, and skin discoloration. Healing is best to take advantage of the available natural and at home. As below:

1. Clean with soap and water. The best way to prevent odor is to eliminate the smell of sweat and bacteria. Clean the armpits and the groin area with soap and water, preferably with antibacterial soap or deodorant, at least once a day and more often, if necessary.

2. Wear clean clothes. Wear clean underwear, socks, and underwear every day. If you sweat a lot, wear clothes made of cotton, linen or other natural material, which helps absorb sweat in the presence of air flow.

3. Use alum. Use alum, not an antiperspirant. Frequent use of antiperspirants can clog the sweat glands.

4. Rinse with honey. After the bath, add one tablespoon of honey with warm water for a final rinse. It also helps keep the body odor.

5. Drinking water with wheat grass. To prevent body odor, drink a glass of water in the morning, on an empty stomach, along with 500 mg wheat grass. Chlorophyll in the grass will help reduce body odor.

6. Use baking soda to neutralize the odor. Bring baking soda helps neutralize the odor. Packaging little baking soda can be used on the underarm area to help absorb sweat. Sprinkle a little under the arm or mixed with a little cornstarch to absorb sweat more.

7. Rinse armpits with alcohol being added to the water. When bathing, add alcohol or white vinegar to a glass of water and use to rinse the armpits. This will help reduce body odor.

8. Use rose water. One simple treatment for body odor is to use a few drops of rose water in the bathtub, before showering. Will provide longer freshness and as good substitute of deodorant.

9. Use apple cider vinegar. To reduce the pH of the skin and eliminate armpit odor, you can use apple cider vinegar. Enter in a glass of water and use to rinse the armpits while bathing.

10. Use homemade deodorant. Prepare a homemade deodorant with the juice of about two dozen radishes and ¼ teaspoon of glycerin. Mix well and pour the liquid into a spray bottle. Spray this in the armpits to fight body odor. Do not forget, keep it in the fridge.

11. Pour the tomato juice in bathtub. Tomato juice may reduce severe body odor. Take a few cups of tomato juice in the bath, then fill the tub with water. Soak in this mixture for 15 minutes to eliminate body odor.

12. Use essential oils as a natural deodorant. Prepare natural deodorant circuitry adds a few drops of your favorite essential oil in 1 cup of water. Use with first enter into a spray bottle. Choices such as scent of essential oils of mint, orange, grapefruit, and rosemary. These smells pretty strong against underarm odor.

13. Wash your armpits with hydrogen peroxide. Mix a solution of 1 teaspoon of hydrogen peroxide 3 percent to 8 glasses of water. Mix and use this solution to wash armpits several times a day. Hydrogen peroxide dries quickly, so an effective way to control sweat and neutralize the smell. If it seems does not work, add a few teaspoons of hydrogen peroxide again and try again.

14. Add mint water in a water bath. Boil some mint leaves and add water to the water bath. Set aside a little for special flushing the armpits and groin area.

15. Use tea tree oil. Mix two drops of tea tree essential oil to one part water. Pour it into a spray bottle and use as a deodorant. Tea tree is an antibacterial herb, either to prevent body odor.

16. Use radish juice. Radish is also effective in preventing body odor. Grated radish and squeeze the fruit to obtain the extract. Spread radish extract on the underarms.

How To Prevent Body Odor

Food intake also needs to be considered, in order to avoid unpleasant odor on the body.

• Eating healthy foods that contain whole grains, green vegetables, fruits, soy products, sprouts, and nuts.
• The food we eat has a direct effect on body odor. Processed foods such as refined sugar, hydrogenated oils and flour cause body odor, so it needs to avoid. Avoid eating red meat because removing certain toxic substances into the bloodstream. Avoid foods that have a low fiber content. Avoid alcohol, caffeine, cumin, and garlic.
• Drinking plenty of water also make sure we smell fresh and fragrant.
• Drinking carrot juice every day with anise or mint leaves, helping to overcome the unpleasant body odor.
• Enter the radish in your daily menu.